offline
- irkutsk
- Zaslužni građanin
- Pridružio: 18 Jan 2012
- Poruke: 634
- Gde živiš: Split
|
Znači ... evo tekst iz 2003-e vezan za faze razvoja S-400 sustava i općenito PZO sustava -
dakle članak prije 10 godina napisan o nečem šta je još uvijek aktualno i bit će i narednih minimalno
20ak godina .... zbog čega je kako je naš vrabac reka zgodno sa nekim povijesnim odmakom vidit
šta se učinilo i šta se planira
Dakle:
Citat:INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM OF FIRE. Prospects and problems.
SOCIAL_BOOKAMRK_LINKS
EXPERIENCE create air defense system in Russia shows the feasibility of building integrated air defense systems, including the following subsystems: reconnaissance, fighter cover, anti-aircraft missile defense (ZRO), electronic warfare (EW), and automated control systems (ACS) forces and air defense forces.
Arrived at the beginning of XXI century, scientific and technological potential in the creation of qualitatively new fire sub-systems into the agenda the need for closer integration of reconnaissance and fighter aircraft systems with anti-aircraft missile systems. Below draw support of this thesis.
Fighter aircraft (IA) in the Russian air defense system designed to destroy enemy air attack, mainly on the distant approaches to the defending objects. Combat missions agency decides, in cooperation with other forces and air defense, as well as in the coastal areas with IA Navy.
In peacetime, the main content of the tasks of IA is to prevent violations of the state border of the Russian Federation in the air.
In solving the problem of covering the areas of concentration of civilian and military facilities from air strikes IA is used in front-line, en-route ANS to the objects and in areas not covered by means of SMP.
Performing tasks in the advanced aircraft flight level agency should be able to fight the enemy's strategic aviation aircraft - carriers of the CD with the range of up to 3000 km, but the main focus agency efforts on the borders of 1000-1100 km to hide behind objects in regions start aeroballistic and tactical cruise missiles . The immediate cover objects up to date is not the purpose of IA and carried SMP. However, in a sharp reduction of SMP factions and weak radar field may increase the role of the agency in direct cover objects on the borders of up to 500 km.
The basis of the Russian fleet of fighter aircraft are long-range fighter MiG-31 fighter jets general Su-27 front-line MiG-29 and their modifications. They have developed enough weapons systems that have:
- long ranges;
- high noise immunity and flexibility of combat use by the integrated use of radar and optical-electronic means;
- multi-channel to inform and unexposed;
- the possibility of a mutual exchange of military information and the transfer of its to ground and air KP;
- the possibility of the autonomous and semi-autonomous actions;
- the possibility of destruction of various classes goals in the height range from 30-50 m to 27 000-30 000 m, flying at a maximum speed of 3,200 km / h
Prospects for the development of fighter aircraft of the Russian Federation related to the establishment of aviation complex 5th generation with integrated control of the aircraft and weapons.
Anti-aircraft missile troops are the main air defense firepower in the Russian Air Force. They provide the most effective solution for direct cover governmental objects, objects of higher military control units, as well as the most important objects of the sun and the economy (including the borders of fronts) from the blows IOS and non-strategic anti-ballistic targets. In exceptional cases, the SMP can be held for killing ground (surface) targets.
In peacetime units and Air Force of the SMP provide a solution (together with the forces and air defense systems and other arms of the Armed Forces) objectives for the protection of the state border in the air space of the country.
At the organization of air defense in the area (area), a system of air defense anti-aircraft missile shield based groups SMP Air Force, army air defense, air defense forces and the Navy.
The basis of the Russian anti-aircraft missile defense in the first quarter of the XXI century will be unified air defense missile systems use a large inter-and medium-range new generation of "Triumph".
AAMS "Triumph" is designed to destroy aircraft, jammers, aircraft, airborne warning and control, reconnaissance aircraft, aircraft of strategic and tactical aircraft, tactical and operational-tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, hypersonic objects and other current and future air attack.
Important new features AAMS "Triumph" are:
- information interfacing with a large number of existing and emerging sources of ground-, air-and space-based;
- the use of host-modularity, which allows to meet the specific requirements of the system when used in the Air Force, Navy and ground forces;
- the ability to integrate into existing and future air defense control groups not only the Air Force, but the army air defense, air defense forces and the Navy.
AAMS "Triumph" is developed on the basis of the latest scientific and technological achievements with the use of forward-looking element base and advanced technologies. All processes combat operation - detection, en-route support, distribution of targets between the anti-aircraft missile systems (SAMs), their capture, tracking and recognition, select the type of missiles, their preparation for launch, launch, capture and guidance of missiles at targets, evaluation of fire - automated.
The command post has a radar guided missile system that creates a radar field in the area of the system and it is carrying out detection, en-route tracking and identification of the nationality of all the types of targets in the number of hundreds of units. Radar detection AAMS operates on a circular view, is the three-axis, Interference immunity. This radar has a major advantage in comparison with ground-based radar and combat duty regimes, it is equipped with two-dimensional phased array beam scanning.
According to the data acquisition radar command center produces distribution of targets between controlled anti-aircraft missile complexes system, provide them with appropriate targeting, and also interacts SAMs in massive raids of air attack at different heights of their operational use, in an atmosphere of intense jamming.
The command post of the AAMS may also obtain additional information about the purpose of the trace from the higher command posts, which are closed to ground radar and combat duty regimes, or directly from these radars, as well as airborne radar aircraft systems. Integration of radar data obtained at different wavelengths most useful in heavy jamming.
KP AAMS "Triumph" has the ability to control up to 8 SAM. SAM equipped with single-pulse chetyrehkoordinatnymi sectoral multi-function radar (MFRLS).
In the combined system is used SAM SAM control, consisting of inertial control over most of the trajectory, and homing (GOS) in the area closer to the goal. This allows you to control the inertial stage release channels of multi-radar tracking function missiles and increase the number of simultaneously tracked and engaged targets. The use of an active homing head MFRLS exempt from the tracking function and target illumination at the site homing, which also extends the capabilities of the radar on the number of tracked targets. Provides for the application in the future SAM-complexed active semi-active seeker, who also have a passive receive channel capable to search not only the frequency of the received signal, but also search for destinations by angular coordinates.
One of the additional sources of information for the AAMS "Triumph" is the aviation complex radar surveillance and targeting (AK AEW). According to the current concept of the AK AEW produces enemy air reconnaissance to provide combat fighter aircraft and long-range air defense missile systems. Furthermore, AP AEW having improved survivability compared with ground-based radars used for building and early recovery of the radar field.
Description AK AEW in Russia includes a set of A-50 and A-50U upgrade with radio systems (RTC) coherent like "Bee-M". The antenna system of the circular angle, mounted above the fuselage of the IL-76 is capable of detecting a high-resolution airborne targets in a wide range of altitudes, manage fighters and to share information with them fighting. Provides for the development of promising AK AEW through the use of various types of colorectal cancer.
Progress made in the development of the AAMS "Triumph" scientific, technical and technological breakthroughs provide a real opportunity to move to the development and production of a new class of weapons - integrated information and fire aviation and air defense systems.
The integration of information and weapon systems and systems of the Air Force into a single system can be carried out in the following variants:
- creating information-fire system, in which information provision KP AAMS is all ground and air reconnaissance, and control is carried out by keeping out the missiles own information MFRLS (IOS- I);
- creating information-fire system, in which information provision is all of the above means, but the management had hurled missiles carried on outside information (ITS-II);
- creating information-fire system, in which information provision is all the same tools but the management had hurled missiles carried on board the destroyer (ITS-III).
We can also imagine a hypothetical system in which MFRLS SAM manages banned from missiles "air-to-air", but such a system is beyond the scope of this article.
ITS-I, II, III can be viewed as the steps of creating a comprehensive integrated ILE, in full integrated ILE they may be regarded as operating modes, depending on the prevailing conditions.
Common issues of concern in the creation of these systems are the issues of KP AAMS military information to meet the requirements of accuracy, discrete, complete, and the time of its issuance.
For ITS-I, this problem is not the key, as it provides for work on AAMS own information. Achieved the same level of security of land claims, including manual air defense missile systems, aerial reconnaissance and information-board equipment fighter is high and almost can meet the requirements of CP AAMS "Triumph" to solve the problem.
For an ITS-II main sources of information can be fighters and radar AK AEW. Thus, omitting the question of accuracy, completeness and discrete delivery of information from the radar fighters at KP AAMS "Triumph", based on preliminary estimates, we can say that on the balance of time shooting missiles at maximum range on the information from the fighter is possible during the firing cycle missiles, and range detecting radar targets attacked almost at the maximum range of the radar. The times and distance delivery of information from the fighters can be reduced if attacked by their own goals will be opened after the start of the AAMS radar missiles. But such cooperation IA - AAMS at this stage seems to be rather complicated, as before and after the start of SAM is difficult to predict the possibility of opening their own goals reconnaissance AAMS.
The interception of targets with low radar signature, the interception in noisy environments, such as the objectives of the Kyrgyz Republic with the shooting of radio horizon informational support from AK AEW and fighters could be to issue information about the coordinates of the objectives of the sector relative to the flight manual air defense missile systems, which can be used by means of air defense missile systems to Early opening of the raid, refinement of classes and types of targets and missiles pointing at them.
The most difficult is the creation of an ITS-III, which requires a solution of the above problems, and problems with the board of management of SAM interceptors.
The problem of controlling missiles on board the fighter solutions requires a fundamentally new tasks, including:
- the solution of data preparation for launching missiles on external information;
- the timing of the start-Zour;
- the transfer of management control system SAM weapon fighter;
- control on the trajectory of missiles on board the destroyer to hit a target, the control of the transition to the homing missiles and fire control results;
- providing multi-channel management.
Key issues in the direction of the IOC-W lie in the development of LMS fighter, his information and targeting systems and radar, communications and control systems missiles.
There are several ways to solve this problem as a whole.
Full-scale and reliable solution it from the point of view of the maximum combat capability is the creation of a combined control SAMs, including inertial guidance in the initial phase of flight, radio correction on the trajectory of missiles, semi-active homing and active homing in the final stage. The combinations in the control system, but in general, this solution meets a number of requirements inherent in the integration of fire systems AAMS - news agency in control of the missiles on board the fighters.
In principle, such a control system provides precise knowledge of the phase coordinates of the missiles on board a fighter that can be provided by the presence of inertial systems onboard missiles and fighter aircraft communication system - SAM - The Fighter. It is advisable in the management of air defense missile systems to work on the installation of high-precision inertial system on board missiles, as well as issues of the semi-active homing missiles with lighted targets on board the destroyer.
It can be expected that the greatest efficiency and productivity EOS-III will be up to the implementation of the maximum launch range missiles and, accordingly, the maximum radar range fighter that the organization of interaction of the AAMS - IA requires the choice of rational zones duty fighters.
The process of interaction AAMS "Triumph" with the agency during their joint actions should provide for significant participation of persons crews of air defense missile systems and manual gearbox IAP (MO IA) in the allocation of resources and efforts of subordinates ensuring the safety of fire fighters in the areas of air defense missile systems.
Possible directions of improving synergy IA and security of air operations in the affected areas promising AAMS "Triumph" are:
- increasing automation of work processes;
- interaction AAMS manual gearbox with multiple aircraft and PN IA;
- expanding the amount of information transmitted to the CP AAMS.
implementation of the proposed the concept of an Information and firing systems will give a significant economic advantage, since it will reduce costs for all stages of the life cycle of systems, including through the optimization of the development and production through the use of advanced design solutions, deeper harmonization of funds. In the operating phase can reduce the number of personnel and equipment costs of troops by eliminating unnecessary levels of management and automation systems.
Anatoly SUMIN,
Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Professor Victor GINDRANKOV, Candidate of Military Sciences Gennady Kolpakov, Ph.D.
[Link mogu videti samo ulogovani korisnici]
|
